Factors affecting efficacy of oral trimeprazine sedation for dental procedures in children: a retrospective study

To investigate the influence of factors such as age, gender and pre-operative behavior rating on the outcome of sedation using oral trimeprazine during dental treatment of children. Records of children who received dental treatment under sedation with oral trimeprazine between 2000 and 2007 were reviewed and the following data were obtained: age and weight of patient at the time of treatment, gender, behavior classification prior to sedation, dose of medication used, efficacy of sedation and treatment accomplished. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations and Chi[2] analysis were done. Forty-eight sedation sessions met the inclusive criteria for children whose mean age was 4.92 [SD 1.65, range 3.0-8.0] years and mean weight was 18.23 [SD 4.82, range: 12.0-31.0] kg. Overall, 54.2% [26/48] of the sedations were rated successful, 20.8% [10/48] were partially successful and 25.0% [12/48] not successful. Younger children 3-5 years, and those with only negative pre-operative behavior rating had more successful sedation sessions than older, 6-8 years or children with definitely negative pre-operative behavior rating [X[2] =8.165, p= .017] and [X[2] = 17.258, P= .001], respectively. Variables such as patient's age and pre-operative behavior but not gender and type of treatment could predict outcome of dental sedation using trimeprazine in children

Modification of radiation induced lipid peroxidation by calmodulin antagonists.

It has been shown that calmodulin antagonists provide radio-protection in euoxic and sensitization in hypoxic conditions. This differential protection in euoxic conditions might have arisen from the interaction of calmodulin antagonists with oxygen free radicals. This possibility has been tested in the present communication. Radiation induced lipid peroxidation process in liposomes has been used for this purpose. Liposomes prepared from L-alpha-lecithin were irradiated with or without calmodulin antagonists. Calmodulin antagonists inhibited lipid peroxidation significantly. The inhibition was found to increase with increase in concentration of the drugs. These observations suggest that calmodulin antagonists have a capacity to scavenge oxygen free radicals involved in initiation and/or propagation of lipid peroxidation process. This may be the reason for their differential radioprotection in euoxic conditions in biological systems.